The Contribution of The Psychological Capital Elements and the Ego Power to Predict the Psychological Stress Among Mothers with Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jordan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33977/1182-012-034-020Keywords:
Psychological Capital, Psychological Stress, Ego Power, Autism Spectrum Disorder.Abstract
The study aims to identify the contribution of psychological capital and ego strength in predicting psychological stress among mothers with children with an autism spectrum disorder in Jordan. The study sample consists of 75 mothers chosen in the available way. The Measures of psychological capital, psychological stress, and ego strength are used to achieve the objectives of the study. The result indicates that the level of ego strength was high, while the levels of psychological capital and psychological stress are moderate. The results also showed that ego strength, educational level, and the number of family members explain 61.9% of the explained psychological stress variance. The ego strength only explains 57.8% of the explained variance of stress. In contrast, the factors of psychological capital and the age of the mother do not contribute to the prediction of stress in mothers. Also, the result indicates that there were no statistically significant differences in stress attributable to the mother’s age, educational level, and the number of family members. The study comes out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which was providing orientation programs for mothers with children with an autism spectrum disorder to enhance psychological support and invest their capabilities to overcome the problems resulting from the birth of a child with an autism spectrum disorder.
References
أولاً: المصادر والمراجع العربية
- أبو العطا، غادة (2015). الضغوط النفسية وأساليب مواجهتها لدى أمهات الأطفال الذاتوية: دراسة إكلينيكية. مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل، 2(8)، 372 – 454.
- أبو سيف، محمود. (2018). دور جودة حياة العمل في العلاقة بين رأس المال النفسي ومستوى الالتزام التنظيمي لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية التربية في جامعة الطائف بالمملكة العربية السعودية. المجلة العالمية للأبحاث التربوية والعلمية، 1(4)، 109-181.
- آل كدم، سعيد بن عايض محمد (2015). القدرة التنبؤية للذكاء الوجداني وقوة الأنا والكفاءة الذاتية بأساليب إدارة الصراع لدى مدراء المدارس الثانوية في المملكة العربية السعودية. اطروحة دكتوراه غير منشورة. الجامعة الأردنية.
- امطير، عياد والزليطني، نجاة. (2015). الضغوط النفسية عند أمهات أطفال التوحد. المجلة الجامعة، 17(1): 51-74.
- البحیری، محمد وعبد اللطيف، فاطمة ومهدي، إيناس (2017). قوة الأنا لدى عينة من المراهقين الصم وعلاقتها بالاحتراق النفسي لدى آبائهم: دراسة ارتباطية مقارنة. مجلة البحث العلمي في الآداب- جامعة عين شمس، 18(1)، 1 – 20.
- البغدادي، مي؛ والعشماوي، إيمان. (2019). فاعلية برنامج إرشادي معرفي سلوكي لخفض الضغوط النفسية لدى عينة من أمهات الأطفال المصابين بالتوحد. المجلة الدولية للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية، (9)، 1-34.
- الجلبي، سوسن (2015). التوحد الطفولي، أسبابه- خصائصه- تشخيصه- علاجه. دمشق: مؤسسة علاء الدين للطباعة والنشر.
- الحملاوي، منال (2019). أساليب مواجهة الضغوط كمتغير وسيط بين رأس المال النفسي والرفاه النفسي للمعلمين. دراسات نفسية، 29(2)، 217 – 307.
- الرشيد، لولوة (2018). الضغوط النفسية واستراتيجيات مواجهتها لدى أمهات الأطفال التوحديين. المجلة الدولية لعلوم وتأهيل ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، 10(1)، 11 – 63.
- الرقاد، هناء (2017). نظريات الشخصية وقياسها. عمان: دار المأمون للنشر.
- الزبيدي، زهير (2007). إدارة الذات: نحو تطوير الشخصية. عمان: دار كنوز المعرفة.
- الشمري، بشرى (2007). علم نفس الشخصية. عمان: دار الفرقان للنشر.
- الظاهر، قحطان. (2016). مدخل إلى التربية الخاصة. عمان: دار وائل للنشر والتوزيع.
- العثمان، إبراهيم عبد الله والببلاوي، إيهاب عبد العزيز (2012). المساندة الاجتماعية والتوافق الزواجي وعلاقتهما بالضغوط لدى أمهات الأطفال ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد، بحث منشور، كلية التربية. ع.36ج1.
- عثمان، زينب (2014). القلق الاجتماعي وعلاقته بقوة الأنا وتقدير الذات والسلوك التوكيدي والسمات السوية واللاسوية لدى عينة من المراهقين المعاقين بصريًا. مجلة كلية الآداب-جامعة سوهاج، 37(1)، 135 – 200.
- عسكر، علي. (2003). ضغوط الحياة وطرق التعايش معها: الصحة النفسية والقلق في عصر التوتر والقلق، دار الكتاب الحديث، القاهرة.
- كفافي، علاء الدين (1982). مقياس قوة الأنا. القاهرة: مكتبة الأنجلو المصرية.
- محمد، محمد (2016). الإسهام النسبي لكل من السلوك الاجتماعي الإيجابي وهوية الأنا في التنبؤ بجودة الحياة لدى ذوي الإعاقة السمعية. مجلة بحوث عربية في مجالات التربية النوعية، 4(1)، 407 – 441.
ثانياً: ترجمة المصادر والمراجع العربية إلى اللغة الإنجليزية
- Abu-Alatta, G. (2015). Psychological stress and methods of coping with it in autonomous mothers of children: a clinical study. Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation Organization (SERO), 2 (8), 372--454.
- Abu-Saif, M. (2018). The role of quality of work life in the relationship between psychological capital and the level of organizational commitment of faculty members of the College of Education at Taif University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Educational and Scientific Research, 1 (4), 109-181.
- Alkadam, S. A. M. (2015) The predictive ability of emotional intelligence, ego strength, and self-efficacy in conflict management methods among secondary school principals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Jordan.
- Emtar, A. & Azalitni, N. (2015). Psychological stress for mothers of autistic children. University Journal, 17 (1): 51-74.
- Al-Buhairy, M., Abdel-Latif, F. & Mahdi, I. (2017). Ego strength in a sample of deaf adolescents and its relationship to psychological burnout in their parents: a comparative correlational study. Journal of Scientific Research in Arts - Ain Shams University, 18 (1), 1-20.
- Albaghdadi, M. & Alashmawi, I. (2019). The effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral counseling program to reduce stress among a sample of mothers of children with autism. International Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, (9), 1-34.
- Ajalabi, S., (2015), Childhood autism, its causes - characteristics - diagnosis - treatment. Damascus: Aladdin Foundation for Printing and Publishing.
- Elhamalawy, M. (2019). Styles of coping with stress as a mediating variable between psychological capital and teachers' psychological well-being. Psychological Studies, 29 (2), 217--307.
- Al-Rasheed, L. (2018). Psychological stress and coping strategies for mothers of autistic children. International Journal of the Science and Rehabilitation of Special Needs, 10 (1), 11-63.
- Arraqad, H. (2017). Personality theories and measurement. Amman: Al-Mamoun Publishing House.
- Azubaidi, Z. (2007). Self-management: Towards personal development. Amman: House of KONOOZ-ALMAREFA.
- Ashammari, B. (2007). Psychology of personality. Amman: Dar Al-Furqan Publishing.
- Azahir, Q. (2016). Introduction to special education. Amman: Wael Publishing and Distribution House.
- Alothman, I. A. & Albeblawy, I. A. (2012) Social support and marital compatibility and their relationship to stress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder, published research, Journal of the College of Education.
- Othman, Z. (2014). Social anxiety and its relationship to ego strength, self-esteem, affirmative behavior, normal and non-normal traits in a sample of visually impaired adolescents. College Journal. Arts - Sohag University, 37 (1), 135-200.
- Askar. A. (2003). Life Pressures and methods of coping with them: mental health and anxiety in an era of tension and anxiety, Dar Al-kitab Al – Hadith, Cairo.
- Kavafy, A. (1982). The Scale of Ego Power. Cairo: The Anglo-Egyptian Library.
- Mohamed, M. (2016). The relative contribution of both positive social behavior and the ego identity to predicting the quality of life of the hearing impaired. Journal of Arab research in the fields of specific education. ISSN, 4 (1), 407-441.
ثالثاً: المصادر والمراجع الأجنبية
- Adil, A. and Kamal, A. (2016). Impact of psychological capital and authentic leadership on work engagement and job related affective well-being. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 31(1), 1-21.
- Avey, J., Luthans, F., Smith, R. and Palmer, N. (2010). Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time. Journal of occupational health psychology, 15(1), 17-28.
- Badran, M. and Morgan, C. (2015). Psychological capital and job satisfaction in Egypt. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(3), 354-370.
- Benson, P. (2012). Network Characteristics, Perceived Social Support, and Psychological Adjustment in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(12), 2597-2610.
- Dabrowska, A. and Pisula, B. (2010). Parenting Stress and Coping Styles in Mother and Fathers of Pre-school Children with Autism and Down Syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 5(3), 266-280.
- David, F. (2009). The role of ego strength in adolescence. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(2), 6-24.
- DSM, (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,(Fifth Edition).
- Hendricks, D. (2011). Special education teachers serving students with autism: A descriptive study of the characteristics and self-reported knowledge and practices employed. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 35(1), 37-50.
- Kuder, S. (2013). Teaching students with language and communication disabilities. Boston: Allynand Bacon.
- Larson, M., Norman, S., Hughes, L., and Avey, J. (2013). Psychological Capital: A New Lens for Understanding Employee Fit and Attitutes. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 8(1), 28-43.
- Luthans, F., and Morgan, C. (2017). Psychological Capital: An Evidence-Based Positive Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4 (17), 1–28.
- Manzano-García, G. and Ayala, J. (2017). Relationship between Psychological Capital and Psychological Well-Being of Direct Support Staff of Specialist Autism Services. The Mediator Role of Burnout. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(1), 1-12.
- Markistrom, C., Sabino, V., Tumer, A. and Berman, R. (2014). The Psychosocial inventory of ego strengths development and validation of a new Eriksonian measure. Journal of youth and adolescence, 26 (2), 201-223.
- Morgan,Y. and Luthans, F. (2014). Psychological Capital and Wellbeing. Journal of Stress and Health, 31(1), 180–188.
- Osborne, L. and Reed, P. (2010). Stress and self- Perceived parenting behaviors of parents with autistic spectrum conditions. Research in Autism spectrum Disorders, 22(2), 4405-414.
- Sameer, Y., Mohamed, M., and Mohamad, A. (2019). Antecedents of psychological capital: The role of work design. Journal of Economics and Management, 35(1), 123-149.
- Stoykova, P. (2013). Developing Psychological Capital: Test of a Training Intervention with Bulgarian Students and Professionals. Unpublished Master. Instituto University, Portugal.
- Varas, E., Encinas, F., and Suárez, M., (2019). Psychological capital, work satisfaction and health self-perception as predictors of psychological wellbeing in military personnel. Psicothema, 31, (3), 277-283.
- Vidyasagar, N. and Koshy, S. (2010). Stress and coping in mothers of autistic children. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(2), 245-248.
- Wang, P., Micheals, C. and Day, M. (2010). Stresses and coping strategies of Chinese families with children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, 41(6),783.795.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- The editorial board confirms its commitment to the intellectual property rights
- Researchers also have to commit to the intellectual property rights.
- The research copyrights and publication are owned by the Journal once the researcher is notified about the approval of the paper. The scientific materials published or approved for publishing in the Journal should not be republished unless a written acknowledgment is obtained by the Deanship of Scientific Research.
- Research papers should not be published or republished unless a written acknowledgement is obtained from the Deanship of Scientific Research.
- The researcher has the right to accredit the research to himself, and to place his name on all the copies, editions and volumes published.
- The author has the right to request the accreditation of the published papers to himself.