Journal of Al-Quds Open University for Humanities and Social Studies

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all worlds. Peace and blessings be upon the one sent as a mercy to all creation, Muhammad ibn Abdullah, and upon his family, his companions, and all who follow his guidance until the Day of Judgment.

Dear fellow researchers and esteemed readers,

It is my pleasure to present to you the sixty-eighth issue of the Al-Quds Open University Journal for Human and Social Research. This issue comprises eleven scholarly articles addressing the journal’s areas of interest and focus. I sincerely hope that the knowledge presented in these studies will prove beneficial and enriching to your fields of interest.

In the Editorial Board of the Al-Quds Open University Journal for Human and Social Research, we firmly believe in the paramount importance of scientific research and its vital role in the progress, advancement, and prosperity of societies. Accordingly, we have resolved to pursue continuous and diligent efforts to provide a broad and credible scholarly platform for researchers to publish their rigorous intellectual contributions. The journal has thus served as an open and fertile space to achieve this objective. In light of our strong commitment to publishing high-quality scientific research, we adhere to precise academic standards and rigorous peer-review procedures. In this issue, the journal’s approved publication policies were fully applied: all submitted manuscripts were carefully examined and peer-reviewed in accordance with strict scientific criteria by distinguished experts. The accepted papers successfully passed all stages of review and evaluation and were published following their official approval by the Editorial Board.

The Editorial Board looks forward to receiving high-quality scholarly submissions within the journal’s fields of focus, in both Arabic and English. We remain fully prepared to process such submissions in accordance with the approved academic principles and standards, in service of scientific research and in contribution to the dissemination of knowledge and the advancement and enrichment of human life.

In conclusion, I extend my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to my colleagues on the Editorial Board, the Advisory Board, and the reviewers for their dedicated efforts in the service of knowledge and their serious contribution to the advancement and development of this journal, so that it may continue to stand as a leading scholarly platform in its field. We are also very pleased to receive constructive proposals and forward-looking visions that contribute to achieving this goal.

May peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you.

Prof. Ismail Shandi
Editor-in-Chief