Hebron During the Reign of (Muhammad Ali Pasha) on The Levant (1831-1840)

Abstract

 In the third decade of the eighteenth century (1831), the influence of international conflicts returned to the Levant, which made Muhammad Ali Pasha - the ruler of Egypt - come out on the Ottoman Empire - with the implicit support of France - occupying the Levant, including Palestine, (Muhammad Ali Pasha), thus forming a single administrative unit based in Damascus. The city of Hebron in the south of Palestine was part of this rule, where it handed over to Ibrahim Pasha, the Egyptian military commander without a fight, where he appointed the guardian and the neighboring areas to manage its affairs, and collects the funds owed to the Egyptian government. Since that date, Ibrahim Pasha has followed the city of Hebron to Ayala Jaffa, which he developed and included the city of Ramle, Lod and Hebron. The Egyptian government established the Shura Councils in the main Palestinian cities with a population of more than 2000 people to be included in the government. He mentioned the Shura Council in Hebron only when the scholars and dignitaries of the city mediated between the parents and Ibrahim Pasha. They were said to have denied to Egypt the process of compromise. Ibrahim Pasha tried to contain the parents, scholars and merchants through the facilities he provided. However, the international repercussions on his policy and his need for funds, the imposition of taxes, the recruitment of young people in compulsory conscription, his attempts to collect weapons for the people and reduce the influence of the local leaders, To the Jews and the Christians in Palestine, all these reasons contributed to the incitement and the gathering of opponents of the revolution that began against him early in 1838, especially the disobedience of the people of Hebron, and the elimination of the Egyptian garrison in the city has reached (200) people, forcing Ibrahim Pasha to the judiciary This rebellion took place during his first meeting in Beit Jala, in which hundreds of people from Hebron were killed. After that, he went to the city to eliminate its revolution led by Abdurrahman Amro and punished it for embracing the rebels from other regions. Ibrahim Pasha gave a space to his army, which was able to crush and arrest and kill the opponents, until the description reached that the city of Hebron was left only the elderly and children. The French traveler Micho visited Hebron during the same period. He described the way to the city of Hebron, and then the city's landmarks and social life, in addition to describing the Bedouin life and its gatherings, including nomadic customs and traditions, as well as the status and beauty of women and their injustice to work and treatment.He then went on to describe agriculture, taking up vine, oak and krub trees, and fresh water springs. He did not overlook the Hebron industries, especially those related to grapes, handicrafts such as glass and ornaments. (Thomson) American who visited the city of Hebron at the end of the reign of (Ibrahim Pasha) in (1834), where he described buildings and architecture, and talked about the population and the number of between 7000 - 8000 people, and also pointed to the existence of about (400) A Jew in the city, monitoring the pools of water, and speaking at length about the grape of Hebron and the industries that are based on it, and mentioned the departure of farmers to their farms during the summer and stay in them, it is not nonsense to talk about the food industry, especially grapes, and handicrafts such as glass and ornaments, To the history of the social and political city of Hebron The industrial and in the early period.